Q 1.The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit was held in which Chinese city?
A. Tianjin
B. Beijing
C. Shanghai
D. Guangzhou
Explanation
In August 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit held in Tianjin, China. During the summit, Modi engaged in bilateral talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin, emphasizing cooperation, connectivity respecting sovereignty, and the need for a united global fight against terrorism. The SCO’s Tianjin Declaration also condemned the April 2025 terrorist attack in Pahalgam. Modi’s participation highlighted India’s active role in regional diplomacy and multilateral security dialogues.Q 2.According to a 2025 analysis by Carbon Brief, which two countries together proposed nearly 88% of new coal power capacity worldwide in the first half of the year?
A. China and South Korea
B. China and India
C. India and Indonesia
D. India and Vietnam
Explanation
A Carbon Brief analysis based on Global Energy Monitor’s Coal Plant Tracker reported that China and India together accounted for nearly 88% of all new coal power capacity proposed globally in early 2025. China proposed 74.7 GW while India proposed 12.8 GW, compared with just 11 GW across the rest of the world combined. While both countries are also rapidly expanding solar and wind capacity, coal remains central to their energy security and industrial demand, complicating international climate goals.Q 3.What is the name of the portal launched by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to strengthen transparency in the real estate sector?
A. MyHome Portal
B. Unified RERA Portal
C. Real Estate Dashboard
D. Housing Compliance Portal
Explanation
The Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs launched the Unified Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) portal on 5 September 2025 in New Delhi. The launch took place during the 5th meeting of the Central Advisory Council. The Unified RERA portal aims to strengthen transparency and accountability in the real estate sector. RERA empowers homebuyers, ensures timely project delivery, and enforces discipline among developers. States and Union Territories (UTs) were urged to implement RERA fully to safeguard citizens’ interests. The portal provides a centralized platform for project registration, grievance redressal, and real-time monitoring of real estate developments.Q 4 .Acanthamoeba, recently emerging as a public health concern in Kerala, is what kind of organism?
A. Free-living amoeba
B. Bacteria
C. Virus
D. Fungus
Explanation
Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is now a public health concern in Kerala causing eye (keratitis) and brain infections (amoebic meningoencephalitis). Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba found in water, soil, dust, swimming pools, hot tubs, and drinking water systems. It can also exist in humidifiers and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It causes infections in brain, skin, eyes, and sinuses. It enters through cuts, wounds, inhalation, or contact lens use.Q 5.Where was National Ayush Mission (NAM) Summit 2025 held?
A. New Delhi
B. Hyderabad
C. Bengaluru
D. Chennai
Explanation
Union Minister of State for Ayush inaugurated the National Ayush Mission (NAM) and Capacity Building Summit at All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. The event was organised by the Ministry of Ayush. It focused on six key areas: Financial Management, Ayush-Modern Healthcare Integration, Human Resource Strengthening, Infrastructure & Service Delivery, Quality Assurance of ASU&H Medicines, and Digital Services. Ayurveda Day will now be celebrated on 23 September every year, with the 10th anniversary theme “Ayurveda for People and Planet.”Q 6 .The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has launched “Angikaar 2025 campaign” under which flagship scheme?
A. PM Gramin Awas Yojana
B. PM Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0
C. PM Surya Ghar Yojana
D. Smart Cities Mission
Explanation
Shri Manohar Lal, Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, launched Angikaar 2025 on 4th September 2025 in New Delhi under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0). The campaign will run till 31st October 2025 across 5,000+ Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) with door-to-door awareness, camps, loan melas and cultural events. It aims to accelerate PMAY-U 2.0, fast-track verification of applications, and complete pending houses. Focus is on Credit Risk Guarantee Fund Trust for Low Income Housing (CRGFTLIH), PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, and Special Focus Groups. Under PMAY-U, 120 lakh houses sanctioned, 94.11 lakh completed, rest targeted via Angikaar 2025. PMAY-U 2.0 launched in September 2024 to give ₹2.50 lakh financial support to 1 crore additional urban families.Q 7.Mission Mausam was launched by which ministry?
A. Ministry of Tourism
B. Ministry of Earth Sciences
C. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
D. Ministry of Science and Technology
Explanation
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) will install four additional radars in Jammu & Kashmir under Mission Mausam. Mission Mausam was launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). It is implemented by IMD, National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM). The mission aims to improve weather and climate services for better observation, modeling, and forecasting. It supports sectors like agriculture, disaster management, and rural development by providing timely and accurate information.Q 8.International Day of Charity is observed every year on which day?
A. September 3
B. September 4
C. September 5
D. September 6
Explanation
International Day of Charity is observed every year on 5th September. It honors Mother Teresa of Calcutta, Nobel Peace Prize winner of 1979 for her charitable work. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared this day in 2012 to mark her death anniversary. The day spreads awareness about poverty eradication and global humanitarian efforts. It encourages people to support charities, join events, and help communities. The observance inspires everyone to carry forward Mother Teresa’s mission of service and compassion.Q 9.Which state recorded the highest per capita income (PCI) in India for 2024-25?
A. Telangana
B. Uttar Pradesh
C. Gujarat
D. Rajasthan
Explanation
Telangana recorded the highest Per Capita Income (PCI) in India for 2024-25 at ₹3.87 lakh net state domestic product (NSDP), surpassing Karnataka (₹3.8 lakh) and Haryana (₹3.5 lakh). This is Telangana’s first top rank in five years, showing strong economic performance. The state has maintained 10%+ average PCI growth over the past decade and 12% growth even in the last two years. Agriculture, especially cotton and horticulture, drove rural market activity and boosted growth.Q 10.Which country has decided to ban all unregistered social media sites in September 2025?
A. Bhutan
B. Sri Lanka
C. Nepal
D. Bangladesh
Explanation
The Government of Nepal has decided to ban all unregistered social media sites in the country. Minister of Communications and Information Technology (MoCIT) Prithvi Subba Gurung announced the decision. Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) is instructed to disable unregistered social media platforms. On August 28, 2025, MoCIT issued a 7-day ultimatum for domestic and international platforms to register, requiring a local office and contact person under the Directive for Regulation of Social Media Use, 2080. 26 sites, including Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, X, YouTube, Viber, Botim, will be banned.Q 11.Who has been honoured with Prof. V.K. Gokak Award 2025?
A. Anand V. Patil
B. Vikrant Sinha
C. Mohan Mishra
D. Anant Vikram Singh
Explanation
Anand V. Patil has been honoured with Prof. V.K. Gokak Award. The award ceremony is held in Bengaluru on September 7 2025. The award is named after Prof. Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, a prominent Indian literary figure. It recognises individuals with significant contributions to Indian literature, especially in the Kannada language. The award highlights the importance of promoting regional literature and nurturing young readers. Anand V. Patil’s recognition reflects his lasting impact on children’s literary culture in India.Q 12.Amit Mishra, who recently announced his retirement, is associated with which sports?
A. Football
B. Hockey
C. Cricket
D. Basketball
Explanation
Amit Mishra, former India leg-spinner, announced retirement from professional cricket at age 42. Career spanned nearly 25 years, with last competitive cricket in 2024 IPL for Lucknow Super Giants (LSG). Mishra played for Deccan Chargers, Delhi Daredevils, Sunrisers Hyderabad, and LSG in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He holds record of three IPL hat-tricks, making him the only bowler with this achievement. He represented India in 22 Tests (76 wickets), 36 One Day Internationals (ODIs), 10 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is). He was part of India’s winning squad in 2013 ICC Champions Trophy and runner-up in 2014 ICC World T20.Q 13.Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in which state?
A. Bihar
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Jharkhand
D. Odisha
Explanation
Odisha’s Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary received National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) approval in 2025 to become India’s newest tiger reserve. Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Bargarh district, Odisha. It is situated near Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River, the longest dam in India and the longest earthen dam in the world. The sanctuary covers an area of nearly 347 sq km. Debrigarh holds historical significance due to freedom fighter Veer Surendra Sai.Q 14.Which institute topped the overall National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2025 rankings?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi
B. Indian Institute of Technology-Mumbai
C. Indian Institute of Technology-Madras
D. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
Explanation
Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT-Madras) ranked first in the overall National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2025. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, secured second position, followed by IIT-Mumbai at third. IIT-Madras also topped in Innovation and Best Engineering Institution categories. IISc Bengaluru was ranked as the Best University, followed by Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Rankings cover 17 categories based on teaching, research, graduation outcomes, outreach, and perception. The NIRF 2025 reflects stable growth in India’s higher education sector with emphasis on transparency and quality.Q 15.Which country has launched the “Ofek-19” spy satellite?
A. Iran
B. China
C. Russia
D. Israel
Explanation
Israel launched its new spy satellite “Ofek-19” into orbit on September 2, 2025. The launch took place from Palmachim Airbase in Israel. Ofek-19 is a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite with advanced surveillance abilities. It successfully entered orbit, transmitted first data, and cleared all initial tests. The satellite can capture high-resolution images day and night in all weather. It can detect objects smaller than 50 cm, improving intelligence accuracy. The launch boosts Israel’s regional intelligence and defense capabilities.Q 16.Which NASA mission recently spotted two rocky exoplanets orbiting the star TOI-2322?
A. Artemis Program
B. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
C. James Webb Space Telescope
D. Hubble Space Telescope
Explanation
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has discovered two rocky exoplanets around star TOI-2322, located 195 light-years away. Scientists detected them by observing small dips in the star’s brightness, indicating planets passing in front. TOI-2322 b is nearly Earth-sized, completes one orbit in 11 days, and has a very hot surface temperature of about 330°C. TOI-2322 c is almost twice Earth’s size, about 18 times heavier, and has a dense structure similar to Earth’s layers. The planets were confirmed using space telescopes and ground tools, showing successful global collaboration in astronomy.Q 17.India announced 1,000 e-scholarships for Afghan nationals for the academic year 2025-26 under which initiative?
A. Study in India Initiative
B. India-Afghan Cultural Exchange Programme
C. Special Scholarship Scheme for Afghan Nationals (SSSAN)
D. Technical Cooperation Scheme
Explanation
India announced 1,000 e-scholarships for Afghan nationals for the academic year 2025-26. The initiative is part of the Special Scholarship Scheme for Afghan Nationals (SSSAN) through the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR). Students can pursue online undergraduate and postgraduate courses through the e-VidyaBharati (e-VB) i-learn portal. The scheme continues India’s commitment to Afghan students after similar grants in 2023-24 and 2024-25. Afghan nationals aged 18 to 35 years are eligible to apply.Correct Answer: A [Special Scholarship Scheme for Afghan Nationals (SSSAN)]
Notes:
Q 18.Where was the 3rd North East Aviation Summit held?
A. Sikkim
B. Assam
C. Manipur
D. Arunachal Pradesh
Explanation
North East Region Ministers’ Conference on Civil Aviation 2025 & 3rd North East Aviation Summit held in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh. The event was organised by Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA), Government of India, with participation from North Eastern States and industry stakeholders. Operational airports in the region increased from 9 in 2014 to 16 in 2025; domestic passenger traffic more than tripled. UDAN scheme and skilling initiatives highlighted for employment generation and boosting regional aviation ecosystem.Q 19.Where was the 27th Saras Aajeevika Mela held?
A. Jaipur
B. Chennai
C. New Delhi
D. Hyderabad
Explanation
The 27th Saras Aajeevika Mela began on 5 September 2025 in New Delhi. The fair provides a marketing platform for rural women to showcase and sell products. More than 400 rural women from Self Help Groups (SHGs) across all States and Union Territories (UTs) are participating. The theme for 2025 is Making of Lakhpati Didis – Empowering rural women to become successful entrepreneurs and champions of Vocal for Local”. First fair fully led by Lakhpati Didis, showcasing handicrafts, handlooms, and food products. The fair will continue until 22 September 2025.Q 20 .What is the name of the portal launched by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to strengthen transparency in the real estate sector?
A. MyHome Portal
B. Unified RERA Portal
C. Real Estate Dashboard
D. Housing Compliance Portal
Explanation
The Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs launched the Unified Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) portal on 5 September 2025 in New Delhi. The launch took place during the 5th meeting of the Central Advisory Council. The Unified RERA portal aims to strengthen transparency and accountability in the real estate sector. RERA empowers homebuyers, ensures timely project delivery, and enforces discipline among developers. States and Union Territories (UTs) were urged to implement RERA fully to safeguard citizens’ interests. The portal provides a centralized platform for project registration, grievance redressal, and real-time monitoring of real estate developments.Q 21 .Where was the SAMHiTA Conference 2025 held?
A. Mumbai
B. New Delhi
C. Kolkata
D. Bengaluru
Explanation
External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar inaugurated the SAMHiTA Conference on South Asia’s Manuscript Traditions and Mathematical Contributions in New Delhi on 5 September 2025. SAMHiTA is an initiative to create a relational database and digital archive of Indian and South Asian manuscripts. The project focuses on manuscripts housed in libraries, archives, and repositories outside India. It is implemented through collaboration with institutional partners to preserve and promote the rich heritage of South Asian knowledge systems. The conference aims to strengthen research and accessibility of ancient manuscripts globally.Q 22.According to Sample Registration Survey Statistical Report 2023, what is India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
A. 2.1
B. 2.0
C. 1.9
D. 1.8
Explanation
India’s Crude Birth Rate (CBR) declined from 19.1 in 2022 to 18.4 in 2023, a fall of 0.7 points. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) fell for the first time in two years to 1.9 in 2023 from 2.0 in 2021–22. Bihar reported the highest CBR at 25.8, while Tamil Nadu had the lowest at 12. Bihar also had the highest TFR at 2.8, while Delhi reported the lowest at 1.2. 18 States and Union Territories (UTs) recorded TFR below the replacement level of 2.1. Northern States with above-replacement TFR include Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh. Data comes from the Sample Registration Survey (SRS) 2023 released by the Registrar General of India.Q 23. What is “Climaconeis heteropolaris” that was recently mentioned in news?
A. A new species of fish
B. A new species of diatom
C. A new type of bacteria
D. A new variety of seaweed
Explanation
A team of Indian and international researchers has discovered a new diatom species named Climaconeis heteropolaris in Udupi estuarine waters. It was found where the Sita and Swarna rivers meet before entering the Arabian Sea, Karnataka. Diatoms are photosynthetic, single-celled microscopic algae forming a key part of phytoplankton. They are found in lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, and oceans worldwide. Some float freely in water, while others attach to plants, rocks, or sediments as benthic diatoms. Diatoms produce oxygen, support aquatic life, and generate up to 50% of global atmospheric oxygen annually. They are vital in nutrient cycling of both marine and freshwater ecosystems.Q 24. Which organization has released the National Annual Report & Index on Women’s Safety (NARI) 2025?
A. National Commission for Women (NCW)
B. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
C. NITI Aayog
D. Ministry of Women & Child Development
Explanation
The National Annual Report & Index on Women’s Safety (NARI) 2025 was released by the National Commission for Women (NCW). The survey covered 12,770 women across 31 cities in India. The national safety score is 65%, meaning 40% of women feel unsafe despite government assurances. 60% of women reported feeling safe, while younger women under 24 reported harassment at 14%, double the national average. Kohima, Visakhapatnam, Bhubaneswar, Aizawl, Gangtok, Itanagar and Mumbai are the safest cities. Patna, Jaipur, Faridabad, Delhi, Kolkata, Srinagar and Ranchi are the least safe cities. The report frames women’s safety as a developmental issue, encompassing physical, psychological, financial, and digital security.Q 25. What type of missile is “Nimbrix” developed by Swedish defense company Saab?
A. Counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS) missile
B. Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM)
C. Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
D. Surface-to-Surface missile (SAS)
Explanation
Swedish defense company Saab announced the development of a new missile named Nimbrix. Nimbrix is a counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS) missile designed to target small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is Saab’s first dedicated C-UAS missile. The missile is designed to minimize costs using additive manufacturing and commercial and military off-the-shelf parts. It is a fire-and-forget guided missile with a range of up to 5 km. It uses an active seeker to track targets.Q 26.Recently, a new orchid species Gastrochilus pechei was discovered in which Indian state?
A. Sikkim
B. Nagaland
C. Arunachal Pradesh
D. Assam
Explanation
A new orchid, Gastrochilus pechei, was discovered in Vijoynagar, Arunachal Pradesh. Previously, this species was known to bloom only in Myanmar. Gastrochilus is a monopodial orchid genus with 77 species across Asia, having short axillary inflorescence, bright flowers, and two porate pollinia. Gastrochilus pechei flowers in September-October and grows in moist evergreen rainforest near riverbanks. Before this discovery, 22 Gastrochilus species were recorded in India, with 15 in Arunachal Pradesh. The discovery highlights floristic links between Myanmar and Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh is known as the Orchid State of India, hosting approximately 60% of India’s orchid varieties.Q 27. Which organisation launched the BHARATI initiative to boost agri-food exports?
A. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
B. NITI Aayog
C. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
D. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare
Explanation
The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) launched a new initiative called BHARATI. BHARATI stands for Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement. It aims to empower 100 agri-food and agri-tech startups, promote innovation, and create new export opportunities for young entrepreneurs. The initiative supports APEDA’s vision of achieving $50 billion in agri-food exports for Scheduled Products by 2030. BHARATI addresses export challenges like product development, value addition, quality assurance, perishability, wastage, and logistics.Q 28 .Which Indian city is the host of Badminton World Championships 2026?
A. Bengaluru
B. Hyderabad
C. New Delhi
D. Chennai
Explanation
New Delhi will host the Badminton World Championships in August 2026. Announcement made by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) during the closing ceremony of the 2025 Championships in Paris. The championships return to India after 17 years and to Asia after four years. The event was last held in India in Hyderabad, 2009. India has a strong medal history at the Championships. PV Sindhu is India’s most successful player with five medals: one gold, two silver, and two bronze. Other Indian medalists include Satwiksairaj Rankireddy, Chirag Shetty, H S Prannoy, Prakash Padukone, Jwala Gutta, and Ashwini Ponappa.Q 29. Which city is the host of 18th edition of Inclusion International’s World Congress 2025?
A. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
B. Paris, France
C. New Delhi, India
D. Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Explanation
Sharjah will host the 18th edition of Inclusion International’s World Congress 2025 from September 15 to 17 at Expo Centre Sharjah. The theme is “We Are Inclusion”, marking the first time the event is held in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Participants from more than 70 countries will discuss inclusive education, systemic reforms, advocacy, healthcare, legal rights, employment, and community participation. The UAE has established 80+ specialised facilities for education, training, and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The event promotes supportive legislation, barrier removal, and the principle of “health and dignity for all”, reinforcing inclusion as key to sustainable developmentQ 30 .Painted Stork, that was recently seen in news, is mainly found in which region?
A. South America
B. African Savannah
C. Mediterranean Basin
D. Tropical Asia
Explanation
The National Zoological Park has increased surveillance and biosecurity measures. This action follows the discovery of a painted stork carcass near a pond. Another painted stork was found sick in the water bird aviary. The painted stork is a large wading bird belonging to the stork family. It is easily recognized by its heavy yellow beak with a down-curved tip. These birds are found across the plains of tropical Asia. Their range extends from the Indian Subcontinent to Southeast Asia, south of the Himalayas. They prefer freshwater wetlands as their main habitat. They are also found in irrigation canals and flooded rice fields during the monsoon.Q 31.What is the title of the Centre of Excellence established by IIT Hyderabad and Army Training Command (ATC) Shimla?
A. DRONA
B. VIGRAHA
C. ARYA
D. TEJAS
Explanation
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IIT Hyderabad) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Army Training Command (ATC), Shimla. The partnership establishes a Centre of Excellence (CoE) named VIGRAHA (Virtual, Intelligent, Ground-breaking Research in AR/VR and High-tech Applications for Indian Army). The Simulator Development Division (SDD), Secunderabad represents the Indian Army in this collaboration. The CoE will focus on Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, unmanned systems, and emerging defense technologies. The initiative strengthens India’s self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) in defense technologies.Q 32 .According to recent report, which States have crossed 50% coverage of Unique Disability ID (UDID) Card issuance?
A. Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, Odisha, Karnataka
B. Bihar, Assam, Tripura, Sikkim
C. Kerala, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand
D. Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal
Explanation
Less than 40% of India’s Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) have received a Unique Disability ID (UDID) Card. More than 11 lakh applications are pending, with 60% delayed for more than six months. The UDID sub-scheme under the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) creates a national database and enables access to schemes. UDID cards allow PwDs to get benefits like Assistance to Persons with Disabilities (ADIP) scheme, scholarships, and job reservations. Coverage is above 50% only in Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, Odisha, and Karnataka, while West Bengal has just 6%.Q 33 .The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), which runs the Niveshak Didi initiative, functions under which Union Ministry?
A. Ministry of Finance
B. Ministry of Rural Development
C. Ministry of Corporate Affairs
D. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Explanation
The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) was established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. It plays a pivotal role in promoting investor education, financial awareness, and investor protection, and also provides mechanisms for redressal against fraudulent activities. One of its flagship initiatives, Niveshak Didi, empowers rural women with financial literacy, aiding them in making informed financial decisions and protecting against fraud. Phase II of Niveshak Didi expands outreach through interactive training and collaborative efforts, further strengthening India’s financial ecosystem.Q 34.What is the theme of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025?
A. Digital India for All
B. Empowering with 6G
C. Innovate to Transform
D. Connecting the Future
Explanation
Union Communications Minister Jyotiraditya M. Scindia launched an AI-powered mobile app for the upcoming India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025. The 9th edition of IMC will be held from October 8-11, 2025 at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, Dwarka, New Delhi.The theme of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025 is “Innovate to Transform.” The event will showcase over 1,000 innovations across sectors such as 5G/6G, Artificial Intelligence, IoT, quantum computing, semiconductors, clean technology, and cybersecurity. IMC 2025 aims to be a leading platform for policy dialogue, technological exhibitions, and industry collaboration. By focusing on “Innovate to Transform,” it highlights India’s commitment to accelerating digital transformation and establishing itself as a global hub for emerging technologies.Q 35. The Typhon missile system was developed by which country?
A. India
B. China
C. France
D. United States
Explanation
United States (U.S.) and Japan are holding a joint military exercise where the Typhon intermediate-range missile system will be temporarily deployed in Japan. The Typhon missile system, also known as Mid-Range Capability (MRC) or Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF), was developed by the United States and manufactured by Lockheed Martin. It uses a modular design that allows it to fire SM-6 missiles and Tomahawk cruise missiles. SM-6 missiles can engage targets beyond 320 km, while Tomahawk missiles offer deep-strike capability up to 1,500 km. The system is containerized, road-mobile, and highly survivable, allowing rapid deployment across allied regions.Q 36 .According to the new study, which medication may be more effective than aspirin for long-term prevention of heart attacks?
A. Metformin
B. Clopidogrel
C. Ibuprofen
D. Heparin
Explanation
For decades, aspirin was the main drug to prevent heart attacks and strokes. A new study presented at the European Society of Cardiology congress and published in The Lancet shows clopidogrel, a blood-thinning antiplatelet drug, may be more effective. Review of seven clinical trials with 29,000 coronary artery disease patients found clopidogrel 14% more effective than aspirin in lowering major cardiovascular risks. Importantly, there was no higher risk of serious bleeding compared to aspirin. Clopidogrel (a P2Y₁₂ inhibitor) works by blocking platelet receptors to stop dangerous blood clots. It is low-cost, widely available, and safe, making it a strong candidate to replace aspirin in treatment guidelines.Q 37 .World Coconut Day is observed every year on which day?
A. September 1
B. September 2
C. September 3
D. September 4
Explanation
World Coconut Day is celebrated annually on September 2 to honour the coconut fruit and promote the coconut industry. The day was established by the International Coconut Community (ICC) in 2009. ICC is an intergovernmental organisation of coconut-growing countries under United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), founded in 1969. India is a founder member of ICC. On this occasion, the Coconut Development Board (CDB), Kerala, announced increased financial aid for farmers.Q 38 .Which Indian state carried out the country’s first science-based, community-driven eradication of Senna Spectabilis?
A. Andhra Pradesh
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Maharashtra
Explanation
Kerala conducted India’s first science-based, community-driven eradication of Senna spectabilis in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Senna spectabilis is an invasive species native to American tropics. The tree grows 7–18 metres tall with a dense, spreading crown. It forms dense, sterile thickets, choking native plants, altering soil chemistry, and reducing food for herbivores. It closely resembles Kerala’s state flower Cassia fistula (kanikkonna), which aided its initial planting. The eradication involved community participation and science-based methods to restore forest ecosystems and promote biodiversity recovery.Q 39.Which state is home to India’s first Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) toll plaza?
A. Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Haryana
D. Uttar Pradesh
Explanation
Indian Highways Management Company Limited (IHMCL), promoted by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), signed an agreement with ICICI Bank to implement India’s first Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) tolling system. Choryasi Fee Plaza on NH-48, Gujarat will be the first barrier-free toll plaza in India. MLFF is a barrier-less tolling system using FASTag, Vehicle Registration Number (VRN), High-Performance RFID Readers, and ANPR Cameras. It enables seamless toll collection without stopping vehicles, reducing congestion and travel time. The system enhances fuel efficiency, lowers emissions, and improves toll revenue collection.Q 40 .When is National Nutrition Week observed in India?
A 1–7 September
B. 15–21 September
C. 1–7 October
D. 1–7 August
Explanation
National Nutrition Week (NNW) is observed in India from 1st to 7th September by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). The week raises awareness about healthy eating, nutrition literacy, and balanced diets. The 2025 theme is “Eat Right for a Better Life”, focusing on sugar, salt, and oil. The week encourages moderation, informed choices, and healthier cooking habits without compromising taste.Q 41 .Mela Patt Festival is celebrated in which state?
A. Jammu and Kashmir
B. Assam
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Lakshadweep
Explanation
The annual Mela Patt festival recently began in Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The festival is dedicated to Lord Vasuki Nag, the presiding deity of Bhaderwah Valley. Rooted in Nag culture, it commemorates the historic meeting between Mughal Emperor Akbar and King Nag Pal of Bhaderwah. The festival has been celebrated since the 16th century. It was first observed when Bhaderwah was known as Bhadarkashi. The festival is observed every year on Nag Panchami, seven days after the Kailash Yatra, it is inclusive of all communities. Dhakku dance, the traditional dance of Dogras, is also performed. The festival highlights religious traditions, historical legacy, and cultural pride of Bhaderwah.Q 42.The Vrindavani Vastra, a 16th-century silk textile, primarily depicts the childhood stories and divine pastimes of which deity?
A. Lord Rama
B. Lord Krishna
C. Lord Vishnu
D. Lord Shiva
Explanation
Assam will likely get the 16th-century “Vrindavani Vastra” from the British Museum in London for exhibition in 2027. The Vrindavani Vastra is a silk textile woven in Assam. It depicts childhood stories and divine pastimes of Lord Krishna in Vrindavan. It was created under the guidance of Vaishnav saint Srimanta Sankardeva. Koch king Nara Narayan commissioned it and gave refuge to Sankardeva after conflict with the Ahom kingdom. The textile travelled from Assam to Tibet and was acquired by the British Museum in 1904. It is a sacred masterpiece and central to Assamese Vaishnavism.Q 43 .Which country contributed most to the global emissions rise in early 2025?
A. India
B. China
C. United States
D. Brazil
Explanation
In early 2025, the United States contributed the most to the global emissions rise, accounting for over half the increase in fossil fuel emissions, with a 1.43% rise (48.57 million tonnes CO2e) in the first half of 2025, mainly due to increased reliance on oil, gas, and coal.Q 44 .Why did global GHG emissions rise in early 2025 despite lower power sector emissions?
A. Due to increased fossil fuel operations
B. Due to rapid urbanisation and deforestation
C. Due to expansion of aviation and shipping
D. Due to large-scale agricultural methane release
Explanation
Climate TRACE reported that global GHG emissions rose by 0.13% in H1 2025 to 31 BtCO₂e, despite a decline in worldwide power sector emissions. The biggest driver was a 1.5% rise in fossil fuel operations, adding 77.65 million tonnes CO₂e, with the U.S. contributing more than half. India’s emissions rose slightly (+0.21%, 4.44 MtCO₂e), while its power sector emissions fell by 0.8%. The findings underscore that global dependence on fossil fuels is offsetting progress from renewables. The ICJ recently warned that failure to curb fossil fuel reliance could be deemed an “internationally wrongful act.”Q 45 .The Ghaggar River, known as the “river of sorrow” due to frequent floods, is located in which region of Punjab?
A. Doaba
B. Majha
C. Malwa
D. Puadh
Explanation
The Ghaggar River, known as the “River of Sorrow” due to frequent floods, is located in the Malwa region of Punjab, particularly affecting districts like Patiala, Sangrur, and Mansa. The river is seasonal and originates in the Shivalik foothills of Himachal Pradesh, flowing into Punjab near Dera Bassi, where its sudden surges during the monsoon can cause significant damage. Its unpredictable flooding, worsened by embankment issues and encroachments, has triggered disasters in 1988, 1993, 2008, 2019, and 2023.Q 46 .According to a recent study published in Environmental Research Letters, which critical Atlantic ocean current is at risk of collapsing?
A. Canary Current
B. Kuroshio Current
C. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
D. Labrador Current
Explanation
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which includes the Gulf Stream, circulates warm water from the tropics northwards and cold water south; its collapse, as warned in recent studies, could disrupt global climate, impact rainfall and temperature patterns, and is weaker than at any point in 1,600 years.Q 47 .Scientists recently linked the rare appearance of blue dragons in Spain’s Mediterranean waters to which environmental factor?
A. Rapid warming of the Mediterranean Sea
B. Overfishing of native predators
C. Oil spills in the Mediterranean
D. Ocean acidification
Explanation
Rapid warming of the Mediterranean has led to higher sea temperatures, attracting jellyfish and the Portuguese man o’ war—prey for blue dragons. As these food sources increase, blue dragons follow, disrupting marine ecosystems. Climate change underlies this rare phenomenon.Q 48 .Coral microatolls, recently used in a study to reconstruct 90 years of sea-level history in the Indian Ocean, are colonies of which genus of corals?
A. Acropora
B. Favia
C. Porites
D. Montipora
Explanation
A recent study conducted at Mahutigalaa reef in the Maldives used Porites coral microatolls to reconstruct sea-level changes from 1930–2019. These disk-shaped corals grow sideways once constrained by the lowest tide, making their upper surface a natural marker of past sea levels. Researchers X-rayed growth bands in the corals, similar to tree rings, and combined them with uranium-thorium dating. This study provided the longest sea-level record for the central Indian Ocean, revealing early acceleration of sea-level rise since the late 1950s.Q 49 .The aerodynamic design of Japan’s Shinkansen trains was inspired by the beak of which bird, as part of a biomimicry innovation?
A. Kingfisher
B. Swallow
C. Pelican
D. Falcon
Explanation
On August 30, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi travelled from Tokyo to Sendai on Japan’s Shinkansen, known as the “bullet train.” The Shinkansen began operations in 1964 and now connects cities from Hokkaido in the north to Kyushu in the south. It runs at speeds up to 320 km/h and is a key alternative to domestic air travel. It is world-famous for efficiency, safety, and reliability with no passenger fatalities in 60 years. In its early years, it faced a loud sonic boom issue when entering tunnels. Engineer Eiji Nakatsu solved this by studying the kingfisher bird’s beak, applying biomimicry to redesign the train nose. The new design reduced sonic boom, improved speed, and enhanced energy efficiency.Q 50 .The region called the “Arc of Deforestation,” identified as a major hotspot of forest loss and warming, is located in which tropical forest?
A. Congo Basin
B. Borneo
C. Amazon
D. New Guinea
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